1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(x+y=xy\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=1\)

Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=\left(a;b\right)\Rightarrow a+b=1\) \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{1+a-a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{1+b-b^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2+a+b-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=2\)

1. Với mọi số thực x;y;z ta có:

\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(z^2+1\right)\ge xy+yz+zx+x+y+z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}P+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge6\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\)

\(P_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)

1.1

ĐKXĐ: ...

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=a>0\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\sqrt{2-b^2}=2\\b+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a-b+\sqrt{2-b^2}-\sqrt{2-a^2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-b+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\sqrt{2-b^2}+\sqrt{2-a^2}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Leftrightarrow x=y\)

Thay vào pt đầu:

\(a+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{2-a^2}=2-a\) (\(a\le2\))

\(\Leftrightarrow2-a^2=4-4a+a^2\Leftrightarrow2a^2-4a+2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow x=y=1\)

2.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-x^2y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\x^2-xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+3xy+3y^2=21\\7x^2-7xy+7y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow4x^2-10xy+4y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}x\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào pt đầu

...

Em kiểm tra đề là \(\dfrac{y^2}{4}\) hay \(\dfrac{y^4}{4}\)

Nếu đề đúng là \(\dfrac{y^4}{4}\) thì có thể coi như là không giải được

\(2x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{4}=4\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}-2\right)+\left(x^2-xy+\dfrac{y^2}{4}\right)+xy=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(x-\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2+xy\ge xy\)

\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=2023\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{1}{x}=0\\x-\dfrac{y}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;-2\right);\left(1;2\right)\)

\(2x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{4}=4\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}-2\right)+\left(x^2+xy+\dfrac{y^2}{4}\right)-xy=2\)

\(\Rightarrow2=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2-xy\ge-xy\)

\(\Rightarrow xy\ge-2\Rightarrow P\ge2019\)

\(P_{min}=2019\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{1}{x}=0\\x+\dfrac{y}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;2\right);\left(1;-2\right)\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

$(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{xy})(x^2+y^2+2xy)\geq (1+1+2)^2=16$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}\geq \frac{16}{(x+y)^2}=16$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

$xy\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{2}{xy}\geq 8$

Cộng 2 BĐT trên lại:

$P\geq 16+8=24$

Vậy $P_{\min}=24$ khi $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

$(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{xy})(x^2+y^2+2xy)\geq (1+1+2)^2=16$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}\geq \frac{16}{(x+y)^2}=16$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

$xy\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{2}{xy}\geq 8$

Cộng 2 BĐT trên lại:

$P\geq 16+8=24$

Vậy $P_{\min}=24$ khi $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$

*cách này đơn giản hơn

Vì x,y>0. theo AM-GM:

\(\dfrac{1}{x^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{y^2}\) ≥\(\dfrac{2}{xy}\) => P≥\(\dfrac{6}{xy}\)

ta có: \(x^2\)+\(y^2\)≥ 2xy <=> (x+y)\(^2\)≥4xy <=> xy≤\(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)

<=> \(\dfrac{6}{xy}\)≥\(\)24 hay P≥24

dấu = xảy ra khi: x=y=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)

2/xy<=1/x^2+1/y^2=1/2

=>xy>=4

Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=2

(x+y)^2>=4xy>=16

=>x+y>=4

Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=2

=>x+y+xy+2023>=2023+4+4=2031 

Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=2

Có thể tìm được min của P chứ không thể tính ra được giá trị cụ thể của P (biểu thức P vẫn phụ thuộc x;y, cụ thể sau khi rút gọn \(P=2\left(x+y\right)-1\))

\(\dfrac{x}{1-x}+\dfrac{y}{1-y}=1\Leftrightarrow1+\dfrac{x}{1-x}+1+\dfrac{y}{1-y}=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3=\dfrac{1}{1-x}+\dfrac{1}{1-y}\ge\dfrac{4}{2-\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2-\left(x+y\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\Rightarrow x+y\le\dfrac{2}{3}< 1\)

Cũng từ giả thiết:

\(\dfrac{x\left(1-y\right)+y\left(1-x\right)}{\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)}=1\Leftrightarrow x+y-2xy=1-x-y+xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3xy=2\left(x+y\right)-1\)

Do đó:

\(P=x+y+\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy}=x+y+\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)+1}\)

\(P=x+y+\sqrt{\left(1-x-y\right)^2}=x+y+1-x-y=1\)

À tính được P, nãy xác định ngược dấu.

A>=1/(1+xy)=1/2

Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=1

\(P=\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}+\left(\dfrac{x}{3y}+3xy+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+12\left(xy+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)-2\)

\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{xy}}+4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3x^2y}{27y}}+12.2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{9}}-2\)

\(P\ge4\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{3}}+8\sqrt{xy}=4\left(2\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{3}}\right)=4\)

\(P_{min}=4\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)